Twelve percent of primary cesarean births at term involve clinical chorioamnionitis, with the most common indication for cesarean in these cases being failure to progress usually after membrane rupture. Chorioamnionitis (clinical and histologic combined), complicates as many as 40–70% of preterm births with premature membrane rupture or spontaneous labor and 1–13% of term births. Overall, 1–4% of all births in the US are complicated by chorioamnionitis however, the frequency of chorioamnionitis varies markedly by diagnostic criteria, specific risk factors and gestational age. Overall the definition of chorioamnionitis varies according to key diagnostic criteria, which can be clinical (presence of typical clinical findings), microbiologic (culture of microbes from appropriately collected amniotic fluid or chorioamnion) or histopathologic (microscopic evidence of infection or inflammation on examination of the placenta or chorioamnionic specimens).Įpidemiology (incidence and risk factors) Funisitis, also a histopathologic diagnosis, is the extension of infection or inflammation to the umbilical cord. Although there is significant overlap between clinical and histologic chorioamnionitis, the latter is a more common diagnosis based on pathologic findings on microscopic examination of the placenta that encompasses clinically unapparent (sub-clinical) chorioamnionitis as well as clinical chorioamnionitis. When characteristic clinical signs are present, the condition is referred to as clinical chorioamnionitis or clinical intraamniotic infection. ![]() Only rarely is hematogeneous spread implicated in chorioamnionitis, as occurs with Listeria monocytogenes. Chorioamnionitis can occur with intact membranes, and this appears to be especially common for the very small fastidious genital mycoplasmas such as Ureaplasma species and Mycoplasma hominis, found in the lower genital tract of over 70% of women. ![]() In this study, we plan to determine if CMV detection in amniotic fluid collected in the second trimester is associated with pregnancy complications.Chorioamnionitis or intraamniotic infection is an acute inflammation of the membranes and chorion of the placenta, typically due to ascending polymicrobial bacterial infection in the setting of membrane rupture. However, the association between detection of CMV infection in the second trimester and ultimate pregnancy outcome is poorly described. The incidence of CMV detection in amniotic fluid collected in the second trimester is thought to be low. However, the effect of CMV infection on the pregnancy itself (when the fetus is not affected by CMV) is less understood. The effects of fetal infection with CMV are well understood and many efforts have been made to potentially reduce the risk of congenital infection. Unlike infection in adults, congenital infection may result in serious complications (congenital infection). If a mother is infected with the virus or relapses during pregnancy, her fetus may be at risk for infection. ![]() Once a person has been infected with CMV, they may have recurrences (relapses) of the infection. Why Should I Register and Submit Results?ĬMV infection in adults with a normal immune system is rarely a serious event.
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